Spring Boot Hystrix,Hystrix 是 Netflix 的一个库。Hystrix 隔离服务之间的访问点,停止它们之间的级联故障并提供回退选项。
例如,当您调用第三方应用程序时,发送响应需要更多时间。所以在那个时候,控件会转到回退方法并将自定义响应返回给您的应用程序。
在本章中,您将看到如何在 Spring Boot 应用程序中实现 Hystrix。
首先,我们需要在构建配置文件中添加 Spring Cloud Starter Hystrix 依赖项。
Maven 用户可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项 –
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency>
Gradle 用户可以在 build.gradle 文件中添加以下依赖项 –
compile('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix')
现在,将 @EnableHystrix 注解添加到您的主 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件中。@EnableHystrix 注释用于在您的 Spring Boot 应用程序中启用 Hystrix 功能。
主要的 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件代码如下:
package net.zuze.hystrixapp; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix; @SpringBootApplication @EnableHystrix public class HystrixappApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HystrixappApplication.class, args); } }
现在编写一个简单的 Rest Controller,使其在请求时间 3 秒后返回 String。
@RequestMapping(value = "/") public String hello() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(3000); return "Welcome Hystrix"; }
现在,为 Rest API 添加 @Hystrix 命令和 @HystrixProperty 并定义以毫秒为单位的超时值。
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = { @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000") })
接下来,如果请求需要很长时间才能响应,则定义回退方法 fallback_hello()。
private String fallback_hello() { return "Request fails. It takes long time to response"; }
包含 REST API 和 Hystrix 属性的完整 Rest Controller 类文件如下所示 –
@RequestMapping(value = "/") @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = { @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000") }) public String hello() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(3000); return "Welcome Hystrix"; } private String fallback_hello() { return "Request fails. It takes long time to response"; }
在此示例中,REST API 编写在主 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件本身中。
package net.zuze.hystrixapp; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand; @SpringBootApplication @EnableHystrix @RestController public class HystrixappApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HystrixappApplication.class, args); } @RequestMapping(value = "/") @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback_hello", commandProperties = { @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", value = "1000") }) public String hello() throws InterruptedException { Thread.sleep(3000); return "Welcome Hystrix"; } private String fallback_hello() { return "Request fails. It takes long time to response"; } }
下面给出了完整的构建配置文件。
Maven – pom.xml 文件
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> <project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>net.zuze</groupId> <artifactId>hystrixapp</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>hystrixapp</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Edgware.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
Gradle——build.gradle
buildscript { ext { springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE' } repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}") } } apply plugin: 'java' apply plugin: 'eclipse' apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot' group = 'net.zuze' version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT' sourceCompatibility = 1.8 repositories { mavenCentral() } ext { springCloudVersion = 'Edgware.RELEASE' } dependencies { compile('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-hystrix') compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web') testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test') } dependencyManagement { imports { mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:${springCloudVersion}" } }
您可以创建一个可执行 JAR 文件,并使用以下 Maven 或 Gradle 命令运行 Spring Boot 应用程序 –
对于 Maven,使用如下所示的命令 –
mvn clean install
“BUILD SUCCESS”后,可以在目标目录下找到JAR文件。
对于 Gradle,使用如图所示的命令 –
gradle clean build
“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”后,您可以在build/libs 目录下找到JAR 文件。
现在,使用下面给出的命令运行 JAR 文件 –
java –jar <JARFILE>
这将在 Tomcat 端口 8080 上启动应用程序,如下所示 –
现在,从您的 Web 浏览器中点击 URL http://localhost:8080/,然后查看 Hystrix 响应。API 需要 3 秒响应,但 Hystrix 超时为 1 秒。